When the design section of pipe channel is greater than 1.5 m, large drainage channels are usually built on site. Building materials commonly used for building large drainage channels include bricks, stones, clay blocks, concrete blocks, reinforced concrete blocks and reinforced concrete. Its section forms include circle, rectangle, semi ellipse, etc. When reinforced concrete is used, formwork shall be erected and poured at the construction site. When other materials are used, paving or installation shall be mainly carried out at the construction site. In most cases, more than two kinds of materials are often used to build large drainage channels.
Cross section form of drainage pipe and channel: the cross section form of drainage pipe and channel can be round, semi oval, horseshoe shaped, rectangular vault, egg shaped, rectangular, arc shaped, rectangular and trapezoidal launder, etc
(1) The circular section has good hydraulic performance. At a certain slope, the section area of has a hydraulic radius, so the flow rate is large and the flow rate is large. In addition, the circular pipe is convenient for prefabrication, economical in use of materials, and convenient in transportation and construction maintenance, so it is a commonly used form of section.
(2) The semi elliptical section can better distribute the pipe wall pressure when the earth pressure and live load are large, thus reducing the pipe wall thickness. This type of section is more appropriate when the sewage flow has no major change and the diameter of the pipe channel is greater than 2 m.
(3) Horseshoe section, its height is less than its width. When it is difficult to trenching or the terrain is flat and limited by the water level of the receiving water body, the buried depth of the pipeline needs to be reduced as far as possible to reduce the cost. This form of section can be used. And because the lower part of the horseshoe shaped section is large, it is more suitable for the discharge of large flow sewage with no significant change in flow. However, horseshoe pipes have high requirements for the foundation - large bearing capacity and small deformation. If the soil is soft, strip concrete or reinforced concrete foundation shall be used, otherwise the pipe wall at the bottom of both sides is prone to cracks.
(4) The egg shaped section, due to its small bottom, can maintain a large flow rate at a small flow rate in theory, so it can reduce siltation, and is suitable for situations with large changes in sewage flow. However, practical experience has proved that it is difficult to wash and clean this section, and its processing and construction are complex, so it is rarely used now.
(5) The rectangular section can be cast in place or masonry, and the depth can be increased as required to increase the drainage volume. This cross section is often used in sewage pipes of some industrial enterprises, drainage pipes in areas with narrow roads and flood drainage ditches. In many areas, on the basis of rectangular section, the bottom of the channel is made into an arc chute with fine aggregate concrete or cement mortar to improve the hydraulic conditions. Low launders can also be made in rectangular channels. This combined rectangular section is designed for combined pipes. In sunny days, sewage flows in small rectangular tanks to maintain a certain fullness and velocity, so that it can avoid or reduce siltation.
(6) Trapezoidal section is applicable to open channels, and its slope depends on soil properties and paving materials.
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